Current & Electric

All About Electricity

Note: Click Here to discover automated 'Live' webinars you can display on the Internet yourself...

Surface Current Density

Sponsored Ad:

Note: If you own a Maytag Neptune Front Load Washer you need to see if you have the faulty door latch wax motor. See Neptune Help for more info...


 

Carbonated and other soft -drink beverages on bone density and other deleterious effects, replacing milk drinks

beverages

Caffeine is a well-known stimulant that is added as an ingredient to various carbonated soft drinks. Due to its stimulatory and other physiological effects, individuals desire to know the exact amount of caffeine consumed from these beverages

Coca Cola, the world's favorite soft drink is currently sold in more than 200 countries and in early 2000, the company sold its 10 billionth unit case of Coca-Cola branded products.

Some of the more common national-brand carbonated beverages analyzed in this study with their caffeine contents were Coca-Cola (33.9 mg/12 oz), Diet Coke (46.3 mg/12 oz), Pepsi (38.9 mg/12 oz), Diet Pepsi (36.7 mg/12 oz), Dr Pepper (42.6 mg/12 oz), Diet Dr Pepper (44.1 mg/12 oz), Mountain Dew (54.8 mg/12 oz), and Diet Mountain Dew (55.2 mg/12 oz). The Wal-Mart store-brand beverages with their caffeine contents were Sam's Cola (12.7 mg/12 oz), Sam's Diet Cola (13.3 mg/12 oz), Dr Thunder (30.6 mg/12 oz), Diet Dr Thunder (29.9 mg/12 oz), and Mountain Lightning (46.5 mg/12 oz

The soft carbonated drinks caused surface softening of enamel (erosion). In respect to the chemical variables tested, despite not statistically significant, the pH seems to have a moderate value

Enamel demineralization was related to normal use of an orange juice, an apple juice, Pepsi Cola and Diet Pepsi Cola. The amount of calcium released from the enamel into solution was determined ; t he results showed the following degree of enamel demineralization: Pepsi Cola is equivalent to orange juice, greater than apple juice and greater than Diet Pepsi cola...

Again, It has been found that, materials immersed in 100% carbonated beverages released the highest amount of fluoride, which could be attributable to the erosive effect of the medium.

In the Western world, increased consumption of carbonated soft drinks combined with a decreasing intake of milk may increase the risk of osteoporosis. The trend of replacing milk with carbonated beverages in a group of young men on a low-calcium diet and studies the effects of this replacement on calcium homeostasis and bone turnover had more influence on the erosive potential of these drinks.

Indeed, the high intake of cola with a low-calcium diet induces increased bone turnover compared to a high intake of milk with a low-calcium diet. Thus, the trend towards a replacement of milk with cola and other soft drinks, results in a low calcium intake and may affect negatively on bone health .

Also, Caffeine and caffeine-containing beverages (Pepsi-Cola, Coca Cola, Spur) stimulate gastric secretion in man and provoke a prolonged increase in total acid output by the stomach of patients with "peptic" ulcer. It is thought that caffeine may contribute to the pathogenesis of "ulcers" in susceptible persons and also interfere with therapeutic management of the conditions. Even asymptomatic persons responded to a caffeine test like an ulcer patient, developing characteristic signs of distress.


-same as before-

Article Source: ArticlesBase.com


10 Points to the person who can find the definitions!?
For these words- Deepwater Masses: Wave: Surface current: Density current: Longshore current: Rip Current: Mother: Mid-ocean ridges: Cat: John Lennon: Orge: College: Lace: Walrus: You don't have to know all of them, just define as many as you can/want. ^_^

Get the answers...


Power Converted in a DC armature question?
Here is a question I have been asked in a mock exam and I dont even know where to start: The power converted in a dc armature is given by: P = (w*pi*d^2*l*B*J*a) / 2 where w = speed (rad/s) d = diameter (m) l = length (m) B = flux density under poles (T) J - surface current density (A/m) a = fraction of armature circumference covered by poles Use the above equation to explain why a speed reduction gearbox will be built into a hand-hed electrically driven screwdriver. A 4-pole, 600 rev/min dc motor produces a converted power of 22.7kW. The pole faces are square and the ratio of pole arc to pole pitch is 0.67. Assuming the field flux-density beneath the boles is 0.82T and the armature surface current density is 17 A/mm give an estimate of the main dimensions of the armature. I think I could do the last bit as its a simple case of inserting the variables into the equation and solving but I dont understand the first part. Any advice??

Get the answers...


Electrical Engineering Formula Problem (DC Armature)?
Hi, Ive been given this question as part of a Coursework peice. I imagine it is meant to be simple and just throwing the values in and solving but I can't work out what to do with some of the info given. Question: The power converted in a dc armature is given by: P = (w*pi*d^2*l*B*J*a) / 2 where w = speed (rad/s) d = diameter (m) l = length (m) B = flux density under poles (T) J - surface current density (A/m) a = fraction of armature circumference covered by poles A 4-pole, 600 rev/min dc motor produces a converted power of 22.7kW. The pole faces are square and the ratio of pole arc to pole pitch is 0.67. Assuming the field flux-density beneath the boles is 0.82T and the armature surface current density is 17 A/mm give an estimate of the main dimensions of the armature. Here is how I would go about doing it: P (power): simple 22.7kw w (speed): convert rev/min to rad/s 600rev/min 1200pirads/min 20pirads/sec d (diameter): Part of Answer l (length): Part of answer B (flux): Simple 0.82 T J (surface C.D): 17 A/mm 0.017 A/m a (fraction): I dont know what information to use to get this. Then I would plug everything in to the above equation and get left with length and diameter. How can I make an educated estimate for these dimensions? Thanks.

Get the answers...


E & M problem, strokes theorem?
In a steady state the magnetic field H satisfies the equation curl(H)= J, where J is the current density (per square unit). At the boundry between two media there is a surface current density K. Show that a boundary condition on H is: n x (H2-H1) = K Where n is a unit vector normal to the surface. All I know is that you're suppose to use stokes theorem, however I don't understand... I know the total current I over the surface is equal to the closed line integral... And I know that since n is a unit vector that is perpendicular to the surface, |K|= | H2-H1 |

Get the answers...

Next page: Conventional Current


Bookmark/Share This Page:



Kindle: Amazon's New Wireless Reading Device




Overvoltage as a logarithmic function of current density and the effects of time, temperature, stirring, pressure, nature of surface and of an imposed alternating current
By: Harold Stanard Adams
Price:

Permalink: Surface Current Density | | Copyright © 2012 currentelectricinc.com All Rights Reserved