Electric field and magnetic field
Electric field and magnetic field
Those fields show through forces exercised in particles electrified in them dipped. In the approaches that she proceed we will indicate with m the mass, q the electric charge and v the speed of a particle (in bold, the vectorial greatness).
Electric field
In the particle (m, q, v), electric field AND it exercises force F according to the law === > F = q.E
Be noticed that F || And, and that the force F doesn't depend on the speed v (he/she represents above). The force F prints to the particle acceleration the in the direction of AND, that can be any in relation to the speed v. Therefore, in general, it is the = attn + an (attn tangencial, normal an v). If attn = / = 0 (read-se:aceleração tangencial no null), the particle can be accelerated (attn |x |x v) or decelerada (attn |x |x v).
Notes:
1- |x |x = same sense; |x |x = opposed senses;
2 - to slow down is to reduce the acceleration, what doesn't impede that the speed increases;
3 - Decelerar is to reduce the speed (velocity, speed), to delay.
If an = / = 0, the force F = q.E deflete the particle: the path of this he/she curves. The statement explains, for instance, the operation of the oscilloscope catódico and the video of TV.
Magnetic field of induction
In the particle (m, q, v), magnetic field B exercises force F according to the law === > F = q.v B (vectorial product).
The force is null if the speed is null or parallel to the field. In any other case the force is normal B and normal v, in other words, normal to the plan that count B and v.
In agreement with the definition of vectorial product, it is worth the Rule of Fleming, of the Left (RFME) Hand: with thumb, indicator and medium of the left hand he/she is formed a triedro tri-rectangle. Being disposed the indicator according to B and the medium according to q.v, the thumb indicates F.
In general, the speed v is sum of a component parallel vp B and normal vn B; only this last one generates F:
F = q. (vp + vn) B = I REDUCE TO ZERO + q.vn B
The magnetic field, through F, prints to the particle (m, q, v) acceleration the normal B and normal v. The acceleration tangencial of the particle is null; the particle doesn't accelerate nor decelera. The total acceleration is her the own normal (acceleration centrípeta) acceleration; this deflete the particle, this and, it alters the direction of the speed, it bends the path.
Force of Lorentz
If the particle (m, q, v) goes subjects simultaneously to an electric field AND and to a magnetic field B, the Beginning of Overlap is applied. The resulting force is called Force of Lorentz (1853. 1928):
F = Q. (AND + V B)
Field and time
Stationary (invariable in the course of the time) magnetic field can only be generated by magnet or for continuous (eventually in the rolling up of an electromagnet) electric current. Variable magnetic field with the time can be generated by current electric variable with the time, or for variable electric field with the time. It is this the case of electromagnetic waves: waves of I radiate, it shines, Ray-X, Rays range.
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